The dental tissue proportions of human permanent canines are one of only a few sexually dimorphic features that are present in childhood, and therefore offer the opportunity to estimate the sex of immature individuals. This work aims to evaluate for the first time the degree of sexual dimorphism ‍in the three-dimensional (3D) measurements of deciduous canine dental tissues, to assess their potential in sexual assessment.

The results obtained in this study, which employed techniques of virtual anthropology and 3D digital models, reveal that there is much less sexual dimorphism in the milk teeth than in the permanent dentition, and the reason may lie in the effect of hormones on the dimensions of the dentin.